Passage 4
Questions 63 to 65 are based on the following passage:
The term corporate culture refers to an organization's value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included UN the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food's corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone--even CEO Don Tyson--wears tan work clothes on the job.
The corporate culture is typically shaped by the leaders who developed the company and by those who succeed them. One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training; new managers who attend McDonald's
Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures, everyone knows and supports the organizations' objectives. In those with weak cultures, no dear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald's.
As you can imagine, changing a company's corporate culture can be very difficult .But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the organization's objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes; electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation, now face capitalist-style competition. Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.
Management expert Peter Drucker feels that, rather than trying to change culture,managers should focus on changing employees' habits, as follows:
● Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization (or department, or office) needs to achieve.
● Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departments that are already effective. Find out what they are doing differently from the rest.
● Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Drucker suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.
● Change the reward system--or develop a new one--to recognize these effective habits. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach ,they will adopt it much more quickly.
Whether one wants to change an organization's culture or not, it is important to choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization's goals.
63. According to the author, which of the following is true?
A. The corporate culture of a corporation can be hard to change.
B. The corporate culture of a corporation should never be changed.
C. Strong corporate cultures should not be changed.
D. Strong corporate culture is harder to be changed than weak ones.
64. According to Peter Drucker, when changing employees' habits, a manager should_______.
A. first determine which parts of the organization best meet the corporate culture.
B. first determine what is to be achieved by the corporation
C. reward all the employees that best know the organization's corporate culture
D. restructure the organization
65. According to the passage, in McDonald's
A. new managers learn the organization's corporate culture at length
B. new managers have the chances to know about the organization's corporate culture
C. new managers spend more lime in studying the organization's corporate culture rather than management skills
D. new managers are usually more interested in learning the management skills